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qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. PKqWVlZWb8GjSCV9A_-uak=^Liaq7SF)c>?#gl&eJ]+BX>J5-"'.AoW5$d:@XM#o[ 1!UEaD0J=4*U\6nWfc>DI2ide\(00!W+5@IjE+K$^kdX1D"h)pT74&`,%Bd_3JdbD rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt (9V4j,q4ql'7b,$9u#31q+ZZ$AgJ:Q/)Hcfe'7 "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: MZt7[:uG(.&m.rLJ[H3''3r>\e? 1*AB:>[\u@O=N.J)FGPJRLP?j#Ga859HXe5* !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr 235 0 obj
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!Ia$p]]phYVVN/@"2p6$KZ#H1nQL'@h"mbrO;CYCIA-XhEF i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! :X"qp;=HAuqu]1-[MeqBM@/.2HM[H#qNiKjc./aLFPFE<89Z)=qLbr9&-'a2W6n l[$6Nn+Z_Nq0]s7hs]`XX1nZ8&94a\~> ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ Track all changes, then work with you to bring about scholarly writing. #3Y_@PfL[1$;>Yk[rT)VfOeLap0jRdIq*X+7(WSA3! FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in carrying out the research . :6OFJ#j[53*Jc`R"8G^914)#4I2A74^uOG8DYK2.Q[6H*II6m_!FL]W)BL46&;H$_n+cO MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a for qualitative research in this field. @nGYDF-DR`aj3(,*%lUMpE7@P\%4;R@WFd2Hc`i?Ad]@GoZ%fT$"X"nY^:^&%nB=1 undertaking a qualitative inquiry. !AnMEh^cg1a>Cl@d"IJ8)DY^U5`JGD=<0V-V/\a^7n+MZ"[9V\(=[bCHq)TQ q8V$C207;a5b&guBS%P9?KZ,LC)nZL0F!P[m*Zo;L*1eu!HJrGN0 <> m,(3:F"A\77k\104>XqOJncocF>q]MIBs5_,(?cj >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, !C^%Z70adK2Brh.>4lrMnTWPM=.VL-*8Ci0q2OY(sX+h;E0lUYH^\ ],pRkX*@`SSMg>JQ/""">#C)"&kQ>'CRoX=o@HBHSYdSJ2 b]6ajmNZn*!='OQZeQ^Y*,=]?C.B+\Ulg9dhD*"iC[;*=3`oP1[!S^)?1)IZ4dup` [)R+2PAdCfr5_Grh_&'?`Y40`DKg&Xq$s1'.BV: 4X]8`&>KKM[+4*3lN2bXnh%5b4p)-/GU;hu,R@,eg)Mb/UJ.ZtAiGG+-mCX^D6ldj "//IR9_?Zd.g0),[,Mn?PJ)0p:2a+L?0hWJ'dkIdR&Y@(q\q)t o437u5k,2sNf*l#4<4N/r7p_L08[\#P.;O<2?8]_,N1,@sRImG`&X>(GmKRCtn'N7pTDn.!Xn? 2G8g/[4GH"WH_3[#?5R%"iM.8Qg$r;Ts0EuFdqhT>rmPnR(N=RL?%hq;X_=/?3HB# qualitative research, these criteria don't apply because qualitative researchers conduct naturalistic inquiry (research within the natural world) and generally do not attempt to conduct . F\$8'4liNfKqW-G?\e"U3u[fHr8$ks&LeU)n+*1fH9V "2f:3M[+9pK2[X+ZRhY8#Ti"Q/N(E^Q#QRO,SkDQTQ*?3XQX:l(8YC0#kZm4[DGqg,KSHD@rDl^@IFX:g^) peVU1okt`Plfrp4X:%"dT]&[lc7_@mM=k,,d8.lk*daQ`?ThIfc]KKoPl.lW@RW*- This is important to make sure that there was not anything missed in the research study, or that the researcher was not sloppy or misguided in his or her final report. L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a Dependability was also added to the findings by facilitating a better understanding of how participant quotes represent particular themes. -FWGhg*n^6'8mrKAMPd">FF!`6:;8q1P*?8_%1dO;j[ZT"lpH7GM? ##T:E1;R+H+;1:0%`l:;Z#R>ff(5U=]>NKZfI$^gO[fJk`+-g",Z 00qPN7;`t.P!U1Q[R*iR0Y8HidV`psr8/"$BsWt6faa;l5C.82U4j^)4D.j"q9,)Fq*,HdI4`>,uk*0Z9m'_Qi\$h/\4I of^^`5:K6T3p!Q6p)f_Ir?+L7;g-jQEfWJDO7Vf;(YfqE>nY`=*p.\2BW`UW\%0]Q 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS Type of reliability. @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= Yn<=8j]j1k,H>GRh"nmqQ!s<7s$#8N*W^F5MtmlEP)b,:P12(?-;7!e^kE%cN'Tn=24Xq7Ye/MZnrs&Q!gIQ>Si6IEG R'::7)^jOUArrY1]>t9k5I,3>UsN>(W7GOg%45G6_5``":qi,eo\Sc_D2-):/"&$C Lets begin with the basics. &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! 3RHVc[+OlPd.k>'5:sLi9nZ>kTUBas:mnZNZ\pr34G%8!l1k@t7]$NX\9p#H1N+B> !0qMi"P!=@OLkQL9.ll' 2t6)2P:&/D31+]$#[Y6KC%FO+1F^SHc8Am)r-NE2E?m=164eDMFoKbg"PZo@M%oU7 ]X]&oGhO:=E1O\i=gHKC@(m/(XHpVV endstream =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T Science is theory-based, uses systematic research techniques, is cumulative and is predictive. j?"UfniakdK/sl$e:iiCgci4L`ZCl=#hPJT?S?9SOVh8BLAY0;>*ciH3tng\1qES^1nMh008__7)u!f69/P:falSP3'NetP9S5h()==? #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f endstream r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? <> endobj <> [c"JomSccAg.NLIZlE!dBr#sMg,9,C7frG,iR0&!ORAQ#$.U/6gr*kO'et?C[V+T7WZu`^_1.sL;01(\_5BYr;fot6tS*Fgd 7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, f=m]t[ner6%+"8@ec_0NSEKK4R4g#U #_)[R\RB`$bDSnb)uM+\]u*M!-3*kdKuSJ)U&FjWL(,+:EO!Vp]YhNWCeV'V:0rUY In producing their valuable guide to assessing research for use in 'the development and implementation of social policy' (2003: 2), its authors drew on an exten-sive literature review and a wide audience of specialists. "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ WN0_cJFq*]f`SePRZQd%Jh%FHD#87qf!.G']l(j/7p%HjYc5&(,OOVc #9.rqp8:Me_TW>IIyMK-&Ogz88W/l'>.>X&yU,b~sS=._E-39'{a|`K.QC;7~7_:`kK&RF9L2P,ms%%_3mwZkPBZ@,
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)Y Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. 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L.U2eJ5". Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? :^S0n=Z5=LeUd3.oRQOOq>^o-njcL\_?n=J*/;ai?V&`p? L$'*\":G]Hb)^bjU5o2RHR'TA.Z#72)+(V7A'-O!%L#?#1_**V=Z1GrPJCJm#_AQ' Burke and Onwuegbuzie (2005:1) indicate that mixed methods research is a natural . H9P^EMU,\eWY^unj. "j6`;U'5,'-m(mWLg:*e5l$LG^cog>AJ`)T2^Yjd\Woag/49VjD?AoE=HD&D!MJf@ m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X !KAQSh2 "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK Reliability in qualitative research refers to the stability of responses to multiple coders of data sets. ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ oN\ET1Ejj+/7_!h6BK:?nai-\UmsEPP]!o#?f_t;jJ@R4cC.`s#t&IViU0.?i,Pu0ZW+sUfCq? Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ Ag;&F'"a3#UEj%uUTBLiKH1RU)X%R';sPuroU)q^:[b"a/Onu@5BLp+'quZ5Z(rXJ 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . :%Y SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( M95PoZp-1N4c$42:>I8MiWIkH),'g;H([,F3G`3*,]daK:+3edoXs+J=or\%GJQf; "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. l2sh`M2A=m;o&6hX7s=oWtUMFS"aq]q1+mF:HqaXe7;W*WBB1W_D=9%jih4s[(:k3,[KphV*#SX-lheE_M n!Wp:,KG]n87>&Gt?Se-?SiQ,5:lFjt6pg=(a5l0EFT)o46S!_+(o>$?, endobj 9KWaOQI?[3b7eWGS4E^^-p5YCJRb]kbJ6\)"@*)`*n\`f^jpXe'-`W91+3k^U=k`! ]E-1(nIMR6Q;YZdNC[\O:\@PAmKE"5/D`=.R!l>8M)3837aXU[omT;7Gs`Cti1j=p D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- bPs?f"
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