The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. Land reclamation is aimed at increasing the amount of land that is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. Artificial Land Reclamation Project | Cities Skylines 44,080 views Nov 12, 2020 1.2K Dislike Share SAM BUR 118K subscribers Reclaiming land, creating artificial islands, fancy buildings and. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. . Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Answer this Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. Landscape reclamation is. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited Contact our London head office or media team here. This method is suitable for granular fill. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). 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