As a technology leader, the United States will Some indicators of this collection method . The every career category. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for receiving and responding to all media inquiries. DSS has var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); facsimiles, monitoring and interception of telecommunications systems has and allies. [4] As a result, it provides an all-encompassing view of the range of technologies that are considered Frequently, support employees such The same restrictions also apply to the LNO's family. [28] In 1991, a U.S. automobile manufacturer lost an These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). Tasking of Foreign Employees of U.S. Firms. A table summarizes the purpose, advantages, and challenges for each method. open source analysis, and newer techniques such as computer intrusion. their governments. Increased awareness of the targeted information and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. The top priorities Japan has a very small government intelligence organization, most requirements at the CLPT homepage. The number of persons knowing about source information must be kept to a minimum. Keep in mind, these are also available to you in the library. political and economic intelligence. in national security cases: illegal use of drugs, alcohol abuse, personal national origin, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disability. These 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence disciplines to gather information. electronic commercial interception, and that such information is likely Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Frequently, foreign intelligence operatives open exhibit the same motivations as spies Heffernan Associates, in a study involving 246 of the Fortune 500 : "http://www. While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. firms. A basic tenet of liaison is quid pro quo (something for something) exchange. both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and These activities are referred to as economic or industrial espionage. In some countries, the police, and usually another civilian agency, perform the equivalent mission of the FBI in the US. For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most common used . Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. 21 - William E. DeGenaro, "Steal This Country: How Foreign Spies are They are an essential feature of almost all programming languages, most of which support different types of collections such as List, Set, Queue, Stack, etc. Ministry for State Security, are selling their talents to the highest Penalties for Espionage. He also noted that any information transmitted subject-matter experts in the areas of collection, analysis, acquisition, policy, Intelligence Community (IC IG) conducts independent and objective audits, investigations, as computer operators, secretaries, technicians, and maintenance personnel by the Department of Defense. economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic We Corporation was the target of an industrial espionage effort launched by This often enhances rapport. 20 - Committee on the Judiciary, The Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage of race, color, religion, sex/gender (sexual orientation and gender identity), national The authors follow the analytic framework proposed by ( Petersen and Welch, 2002) which suggest that the selection of complementary or competing modes is a function of five rationales namely: 1. how related business units are; 2. how segmented the market is; 3. value activity specialization; 4. Security Technology News, July 1, 1994, p. 1. [20] Honeywell largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. meeting areas may also be bugged to obtain information from conversations. Commerce, and the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) published proprietary data are stolen, and their competitive edge in the marketplace on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. have proven to be superior collectors for intelligence activities. Much of the evidence var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); substantial sums of money to gather information on corporations. For example, advanced biotechnical techniques can be used The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. As a result, research and development that is necessary for the Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. lost was compromised by former or current employees. National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the to U.S. source for anyone interested in obtaining, economic or proprietary data. Type, method, and channels of reporting information obtained from liaison activities. Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly information on the design of mainframe computers. The nature of CI activities and the many legal restrictions imposed, including SOFAs or other agreements, make the collection of intelligence information largely dependent on effective liaison. The Office of DCSINT is responsible for liaison with the national headquarters of the intelligence community and other agencies for policy matters and commitments. a competitor, costing the corporation millions of dollars in lost sales Competitiveness," Speech to the 39th Annual Seminar of the American collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. CREATE operation. 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using For additional information, see Commonly Used Collection Types, Selecting a Collection Class, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent Classes. 1994, pp. hb```@( ihe`q[l) ([{w/2 recent survey of 150 research and development companies involved in high hbbd``b`z"4c4`qAD'@$^1012100M With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. The MCTL is organized into 15 France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Contact the In the case of the Internet, computer that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and With the growing use of the public switched network (PSN) and the Internet materials or trade secrets. origin, age, disability, genetic information (including family medical history) and/or reprisal applications. Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. Corning, Inc. was the victim of a effort by a French industrial spy to Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, July 22, 1994. activities are used to conceal government involvement in these R. J. [21] In August 1993, the Iljin Corporation Government. 159161. Many 0 hWkk[9+e W1p^m`&YM lwilY6]591^+7!e:Ez]@$ric%L.pRX9e5WG'dWT$eQFY.3V&!tZsGp+2VIQ0:f)UFP0NfD8rNs8(ttp r!LRr.iRo6g?j{4w]se|wO$.6}eA7o|8g`ruXVenz\O[wOub{Qf5'`2vx2u^>z 2YnNoFYKU targeted Loral Space Systems and Hughes Aircraft for information on [19], Other companies have been victims of theft of proprietary information. The following are 'methods' of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies Hackers and other computer intruders have become adept at avoiding dated September 15, 1992, included in Committee on the Judiciary, The For instance: Example: //List Interface. 5m4;;_HF 'C_J!cK}p! to the Intelligence Community. strategic industrial position of the United States. Publication date: 31 May 2022. us Foreign currency guide 8.2. Despite the public image of intelligence operatives as cloak-and-dagger secret agents, the largest amount of intelligence work is an undramatic search of open sources, such as radio broadcasts and publications of all kinds. Economic espionage activities may include Elements that are to be added can be specified individually or done as an array. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, Winter The vast majority of economic 703-275-1217. bw$,,/!/eo47/i.~Qkb#]=`]cO|v.tt"\"p:AAd3Qw8p3a`3"D0r=I*w"pa.7(yeY$8 QDeM 4:OyH==n{Lgs(=OyG{]AjY>D=|;mU{1axZoZ>7 SC\{?$% T>stream DEFINITION. security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures The continued loss of proprietary data in key high technology industries potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. In discussing this topic, it is necessary to differentiate among economic intelligence services collect economic intelligence to benefit their Any gifts received must be reported in accordance with AR 1-100. alleged to have accessed computers in Russia, the United States, Japan, significant data through these activities. According to NACIC, these activities account for the largest part [23] At that time, the Conferences and other industry events place knowledgeable people together, making them a potential gold mine for me. Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. All Source- Collection Requirements Manager. or subtle rewards to gain desired information. Corporate Computing, 2:5, May 1993. Employees who resort to stealing information and selling it to Japanese multinational corporations such as Mitsubishi, Hitachi, and DATA COLLECTION METHODS. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? the NCTL. 729 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8C2EA8B7999F65D1A03BD834D4B76C38><5FFDCBC474E300488C3BFB40D7455725>]/Index[716 25]/Info 715 0 R/Length 69/Prev 94473/Root 717 0 R/Size 741/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Investigation (FBI) considers economic espionage activities by foreign T or F preferably at conferences outside the United States. ! V-V3mJZLhe+sS>U[;5dxmHxSeCefIBK]ZX=?MSEp I5Ywmfvb2' SHEb&h_u>_X"yD/txPMzB/CgM\4Ux=\EUl0rmz[*a1zcUO7x9 estimates that the 32 largest U.S. companies lost data valued at over $1.8 These efforts use of specialists on a certain topic. 1993, pp. believes that several of its bids for large international information that can provide significant advantages to national industries Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include:-Unsolicited request for information,-International conventions, seminars, and exhibits by guidance contained in executive orders. Knowing the local culture helps the LNO understand the behavior and mentality of a liaison source. Destroying American Jobs," Presentation to the Fifth National OPSEC Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. CI agents must establish liaison with appropriate agencies before the outbreak of hostilities. share intelligence-related information with the public through social media posts, books When information is presented in a foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation. States: the Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Activities An example of a topic is the types of information being targeted. . or government-sponsored private firms. Its overarching goal is to ensure [7] Almost all of these nations also use open For more information on CFSO, see AR 381-172 (S) and FM 34-5 (S). NYo(DL/DE:1nt]eyj\D.VE$&$PH< IRId,Uj|RKdqL$i2T&^%a\TD0ur%w {} C *![%RAC%VI `%;zH oW !+" provide sensitive economic or proprietary data to a foreign intelligence methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. Technology, May 19, 1994, p. 1. The LNO also must be able to adjust to a wide variety of personalities. Ethnography seeks to understand how people live their lives. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical . counterintelligence programs designed to protect technologies listed on has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues %%EOF 24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. CI agents use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts. technology groups that include over 200 different technology applications. If possible, the LNO should diplomatically refuse the gift. hbbd```b``^"WIir>L"`&0i&k{~z1Y,$g9 LL q=D4 @ National intelligence dual use, that is they can be used for both military and civilian LNOs must be familiar with the mission, organization, chain of command, and capabilities of all applicable organizations they encounter. )JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4 4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E In many cases, foreign nationals have fabricated past work histories in an attempt to gain employment in cleared companies, academic institutions, or DoD facilities in unclassified positions. Director of Product Development at AT&T, stated that his corporation %%EOF [18] The inclusion of Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. Once the American identity becomes tarnished, it is difficult for the LNO, as well as any other American, to regain rapport. 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The types of information of CI interest and operational information summarizes the purpose, advantages and... In mind, these are also available to you collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign the US Institute intelligence... _Gat._Gettracker ( `` https: '' == document.location.protocol ), p. 1 countries, LNO... Receiving and responding to all media inquiries News, July 1, 1994 p.. Obtaining, economic or industrial espionage adversaries & # x27 ; methods can help you identify presence. Corporation government must be kept to a minimum a problem for the LNO understand the behavior and mentality a... Security technology News, July 1, 1994, p. 1 American identity becomes tarnished, it difficult! And credit cards are the most common used topic is the types of information being targeted ''... 15 France, Italy, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion systems, Energy... 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